Herzberg (1975) suggested a two-step framework to understand employee motivation and satisfaction. His theory was developed to explain employee reaction to their work and the work environment. Herzberg highlighted that all factors could be categorized in two groups. The first group is called Hygiene or Maintenance factors, and the second group is called the Motivating factors.
Motivating factors could lead to an individual’s need for personal growth. When in existence, motivating factors could easily contribute to job satisfaction. When it is most effective, it could motivate an employee to perform above average and above expectations. Herzberg’s (1975) motivating factors could include:
• Status
• Opportunity for advancement
• Gaining recognition
• Responsibility
• Challenging / stimulating work
• Sense of personal achievement & personal growth in a job
Herzberg (1975) proposed that when hygiene factors are lacking in the workplace, the employee will experience dissatisfaction or unhappiness. However, when these factors are present, the employee does not necessarily experience satisfaction. The employee simply does not feel dissatisfaction. When motivating factors are present, the employee feels satisfied.
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