Jawar Mohammed and Kesis Belay

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Addis Ababa has a policy for universal provision of basic services such as water and sanitation, electricity, healthcare, and education, but is struggling to provide equal access to residents, especially the poor who are not formally registered. Women have been playing an increasingly important role in the economy and politics. For example, Enat Bank was established in 2012 with a special focus on reaching women. At the national level, there is female leadership in the highest ranks of government. At the family level, the legal system has been supporting women’s rights as well. For example, in 2005, a law was passed that provides for the division of assets in cases of divorce. In informal circles, it is usually women who lead initiatives and who volunteer. However, this does not always hold true in formal circles. Moreover, because the majority of urban women lack attributes that are required by the formal economy (i.e. education, skills, experience), they benefit less from the growth of the formal economy compared to their male counterparts. For example, while the construction sector is booming, women benefit less as they assume the labor intensive roles while men often take management positions. 

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